Interrogative pronouns What is used without any noun.
Example of Interrogative pronouns What
What is there on the desk?
What are you doing?
What does she know about this?
What will David buy at the shopping mall?
What have you done?
What did you see?

Interrogative Pronouns – Who?
What has similar meaning in exclamatory sentence.What may be used with or without noun.
If it precedes a noun , what is followed by an indefinite article. But it is omitted if the noun is in the plural or used without the article as a rule.
Example : What + noun
Using What without a noun.
Example : What without a noun
What then !
What! Do that!
What ! No pie today!
What she has suffered !
What he have done!